Hemodialysis is a treatment to filter wastes and water from the blood. It helps control blood pressure and balance important minerals, such as potassium, sodium, and calcium, in the blood.
Patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), or kidney failure require hemodialysis in order to survive. Chronic (long-term) hemodialysis is capable of extending the life of patients who would otherwise die of uremia, by Hemodialysis Catheters Infection Prevention
For patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the decision of when to start chronic dialysis is difficult because, although dialysis effectively treats the signs and symptoms of uremia and fluid overload (some of which may be life threatening), it is a lifelong therapy that is associated with discomfort, inconvenience, and some risk for the patient.
As a result, dialysis should be started when the benefit from relieving uremic signs and symptoms is thought to outweigh its risk and associated effect on quality of life, but not before this time.
During Hemodialysis Catheters clinical trials , the blood goes through a filter—called a dialyzer—outside the body. A dialyzer is sometimes called an “artificial kidney.” The dialyzer, or filter, has two parts, one for the blood and one for a washing fluid called dialysate.
A thin membrane separates these two parts. Blood cells, protein, and other important things remain in the blood because they are too big to pass through the membrane. Whereas smaller waste products in the blood, such as urea, creatinine, potassium, and extra fluid pass through the membrane are washed away.
Complications such as hypotension, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, and venous air embolism, and hemolysis, venous needle dislodgement, and central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection, major allergic reactions to the dialyzer or treatment medications significantly impair the life of patients both socially and psychologically.
Currently, there is no approved therapy for the treatment for the complications of chronic hemodialysis. Yoga, physical activities, and proper nutrition are the mainstay of the treatment. When clinical trials of dialysis dose failed to show significant benefit of extending time compared with the traditional dialysis prescription, interest in more frequent HD was renewed.
Consequently, there has been growth in home HD therapies as well as alternative dialysis prescriptions. Data from recent randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits and risks of these more frequent therapies, with surprising differences in outcomes between short daily HD and long nocturnal HD.
More frequent therapies improve control of both hypertension and hypophosphatemia, but at the expense of increased vascular access complications and, at least for nocturnal HD, a faster loss of residual renal function.
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