RLS has been studied as: (1) a symptom only, (2) a set of symptoms meeting minimal diagnostic criteria of the IRLSSG, (3) meeting minimal criteria accompanied with a specific frequency and/or severity, and (4) a differential diagnosis.
In the first case, prevalence estimates in the general adult population ranged from 9.4% to 15%. In the second case, prevalence ranged from 3.9% to 14.3%. When frequency/severity is added, prevalence ranged from 2.2% to 7.9% and when differential diagnosis is applied prevalence estimates are between 1.9% and 4.6%.
Studies using a single question to assess the prevalence of RLS in the adult general population aged 18 to 20 years and older have reported prevalence ranging between 9.4% and 15% (6–8) with the exception of a Japanese study that found a lower prevalence rate (around 5%).
In the general population, some epidemiological studies have provided additional information regarding the frequency and severity of the symptoms. Nearly all the studies also assessing the frequency of RLS symptoms reported that between 50% and 60% of the participants who met minimal IRLSSG [The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group] criteria had symptoms at least one time per week.
Treatment of restless legs syndrome depends on the intensity of the symptoms. Treatment should be considered if quality of life is affected by insomnia and excessive daytime drowsiness. In cases of RLS due to ongoing medical disorders, specific treatment is also necessary.
Because making certain adjustments in lifestyle may help to alleviate RLS symptoms, physicians may recommend that patients follow a regular sleep routine, regularly engage in moderate exercise, yet avoid excessive exercise that may actually serve to aggravate symptoms.
Physicians may also stress that individuals with RLS should refrain from using caffeine, and, if possible, using certain antidepressant, antinausea, or other medications that may aggravate RLS symptoms.