Cancer treatment is the use of surgery, radiation, medications and other therapies to cure a cancer, shrink a cancer or stop the progression of a cancer. There are many types of cancer treatment. The types of treatment that a patient receives will depend on the type of cancer they have and how advanced it is. Some people with cancer will have only one treatment. But most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Cancer treatments may be used as primary treatment, adjuvant treatment and palliative treatment.
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Surgery with removal of the entire lobe in which the tumor is located, is the primary treatment for patients with early-stage cancer who are in good general health. The goal of surgery is to totally remove all the tumor cells and thereby provide a cure. There are many types of surgery. The types differ based on the purpose of the surgery, the part of the body that requires surgery, the amount of tissue to be removed, and, in some cases, what the patient prefers and may be open or minimally invasive.
Radiation therapy, or radiotherapy, delivers high-energy x-rays that can destroy rapidly dividing cancer cells or to palliate symptoms or to palliate symptoms. For some people, radiation may be the only treatment needed. But, most often, they will have radiation therapy with other cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Radiation therapy may be given before, during, or after these other treatments to improve the chances that treatment will work. The timing of when radiation therapy is given depends on the type of cancer being treated and whether the goal of radiation therapy is to treat the cancer or ease symptoms.
Chemotherapy (also called chemo) is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy works by stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells, which grow and divide quickly is used to treat many types of cancer. For some people, chemotherapy may be the only treatment they receive. But most often, they will have chemotherapy and other cancer treatments. The types of treatment that you need depends on the type of cancer they have, if it has spread and where, and if they have other health problems. The most common side effect is fatigue, which is feeling exhausted and worn out.
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Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps your immune system fight cancer. Several types of immunotherapy are used to treat cancer. These include immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are drugs that block immune checkpoints; T-cell transfer therapy, which is a treatment that boosts the natural ability of the T cells to fight cancer; monoclonal antibodies, which are designed to bind to specific targets on cancer cells; treatment vaccines, which work against cancer by boosting the immune system’s response to cancer cells and immune system modulators, which enhance the body’s immune response against cancer.
Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that targets proteins that control how cancer cells grow, divide, and spread. Most targeted therapies are either small-molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies. Most types of targeted therapy help treat cancer by interfering with specific proteins that help tumors grow and spread throughout the body. The most common side effects of targeted therapy include diarrhea and liver problems.
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