Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is defined as the presence of bacteremia originating from an intravascular (I.V.) catheters. CRBSI refers to bloodstream infection attributed to an intravascular catheter by quantitative culture of the catheter tip or by differences in growth between catheter and peripheral venipuncture blood culture specimens. Also known as catheter-related sepsis, it is the most common cause of nosocomial bacteremia.
CRBSI occurs due to organisms like coagulase-negative staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, enteric gram-negative bacilli, enterococci and streptococci, pseudomonas and others. CRBSI arises from bacterial seeding from biofilms that form on either the inside or outside of indwelling catheters. Biofilms allow the sessile bacteria to survive in a hostile environment and grow in a languidly.
The susceptibility of bacteria in a biofilm to antimicrobial agents is dramatically decreased, by at least 10–100-fold. Adherence of contaminating bacteria to the CVC is a prerequisite for biofilm formation to take place. In the first 2 weeks after catheter placement, the formation of a biofilm on the outside of the CVC and subsequent surface migration of bacteria into the bloodstream is vital for CRBSI to occur.
Risk factors associated with the development of catheter-associated infections can be divided into host-related problems and device-related issues. The host-related risk factors include immune deficiency (due to chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, bone marrow transplantation, etc.), chronic illnesses (diabetes, end-stage renal disease, and short-gut syndrome), and loss of skin integrity, very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, and others.
The device-associated risk factors include the use of femoral vein catheters, moisture around the catheter exit site, poor adherence to sterile barrier precaution procedures, and when the catheter is performed during a medical emergency.
Different measures are used to reduce the risk of occurrence of CRBSI which includes the use of utmost barrier, precautions during catheter insertion, effective cutaneous anti-sepsis, and preventive strategies based on inhibiting micro-organisms originating from the skin or catheter hub from adhering to the catheter.
Source:- CRBSI Market
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